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Quantum calculator

Ogden multiplier calculator

Future loss of earnings and lifetime care values under the Ogden Tables 8th edition method for England and Wales. The discount rate is selected by the calculation date, the five-step separate valuation method is applied deterministically, and every figure is shown with its full working and cited to the primary source.

Rules current to 11 January 2025. Read how these calculators work on the quantum methodology page.

The Ogden Tables 8th edition multipliers and Table A to D reduction factors are not encoded in this calculator. Read the baseline multiplier, the whole-of-life multiplier, and the reduction factors from the published GAD tables at gov.uk and enter them below. The calculator applies the Ogden method to the values you enter and verifies nothing against the tables themselves.

Pre-injury Disability Discrimination Act 1995 limbs (tick each limb that applied before the injury)
Post-injury Disability Discrimination Act 1995 limbs (tick each limb that applies after the injury)

How the Ogden method works

The Ogden Tables convert an annual future loss into a lump sum. A multiplier from the tables, adjusted for the discount rate and for contingencies other than mortality, is applied to the annual loss, the multiplicand. The discount rate reflects the return a claimant is assumed to earn by investing the lump sum. A higher rate produces lower multipliers and a lower award.

The personal injury discount rate for England and Wales is +0.5 per cent, in force from 11 January 2025 and announced on 2 December 2024. Calculations dated before 11 January 2025 use the preceding minus 0.25 per cent rate, and this calculator selects the column by the calculation date you enter. The printed 8th edition PDF still shows minus 0.25 per cent in its England and Wales worked examples, predating the January 2025 update, so the +0.5% column must be used for calculations dated on or after 11 January 2025.

For loss of earnings the calculator follows the separate valuation method in five steps. The baseline multiplier from Tables 3 to 18 is reduced by the pre-injury Table A to D factor and applied to the pre-injury net annual earnings, the residual earning capacity is valued separately with the post-injury factor, and the loss is the difference. For lifetime care the whole-of-life multiplier from Table 1 or 2 is applied to the annual care multiplicand with no reduction factor, because the contingency factors apply only to earnings.

This calculator does not compute loss of pension, judicial departures from the tabulated reduction factors, or the within-table interpolation you carry out when reading the published tables. Where medical evidence reduces life expectancy, derive the multiplier from the Additional Tables and note the 8th edition warning that treating someone as a number of years older is not identical to deducting years of life expectancy.

Primary sources

Frequently asked questions

What are the Ogden Tables?

The Ogden Tables (Actuarial Tables for use in Personal Injury and Fatal Accident Cases) are actuarial tables published by the Government Actuary’s Department for valuing future losses in personal injury and fatal accident cases. The current edition is the 8th edition, published 17 July 2020, updated August 2022, and further updated 9 January 2025 to add +0.5% multiplier columns and updated Additional Tables at 0% and +0.5%. No 9th edition has been published.

What discount rate applies in England and Wales?

The personal injury discount rate for England and Wales is +0.5 per cent, announced on 2 December 2024 and in force from 11 January 2025, the first positive rate since March 2017. It is set by the Lord Chancellor under the Damages Act 1996 section 1, as amended by the Civil Liability Act 2018, with the methodology endorsed in Wells v Wells [1999] 1 AC 345. Calculations dated before 11 January 2025 use the preceding minus 0.25 per cent rate. The next statutory review is due by 11 January 2030.

What do the Table A to D reduction factors adjust for?

Tables A to D adjust the earnings multiplier for contingencies other than mortality. They depend on employment status at the date of injury, disability status under the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 definition, and educational attainment at Level 1, 2 or 3. Tables A and C cover males (not disabled and disabled) and Tables B and D cover females. The factors apply only to loss of earnings, never to lifetime care multipliers.

Does this calculator contain the Ogden table values?

No. The multiplier tables are not encoded in this calculator. You read the baseline multiplier, the whole-of-life multiplier, and the reduction factors from the published GAD tables and enter them as inputs. The calculator then applies the Ogden separate valuation method deterministically, selects the correct discount rate column by the calculation date, and shows the full working.

How is disability defined for the reduction factors?

The 8th edition applies the Disability Discrimination Act 1995 definition, which is tighter than the Equality Act 2010 definition. Three limbs are all required. An impairment lasting or expected to last more than one year or progressive, a substantial adverse effect on the ability to carry out normal day-to-day activities, and an effect that limits the kind or amount of paid work. An input satisfying fewer than all three limbs is treated as not disabled for table selection.

What does this calculator not compute?

Loss of pension (Ogden Tables 19 to 34) is out of scope. Judicial departures from the tabulated reduction factors (Billett v Ministry of Defence; Barry v Ministry of Defence [2023] EWHC 459 (KB)) are never computed. Within-table interpolation is carried out by the user when reading the published tables. Scotland and Northern Ireland apply their own +0.5 per cent rate, effective 26 September 2024, and this calculator covers England and Wales only.